"The spontaneous formation of RNA polymers on the early Earth is extremely unlikely."
John Sutherland, Cambridge University, leading OOL chemist
Life Crushes Naturalism
Life cannot exist without 6 crucial stages of biochemistry, they are biochemical facts. All of them must work together in succession, yet it's empirically verified that none of the stages have even been successfully reproduced in isolation, let alone as a whole. Naturalism collapses before life begins.
Below you'll find peer reviewed empirical scientific experiments that show at each stage - life decisively contradicts the naturalistic hypothesis - based on real data, findings, and common sense. All that's left of naturalism then, is philosophical censorship disguised as scientific reasoning.
Unsubstantiated naturalistic objections will be addressed (is yours included?)...
Stage 1:
Life requires a single molecular handedness to function — but non-living chemistry never produces it.
With zero evidence for any natural pathway to biological homochirality, life cannot even begin its first step.
Naturalism collapses before chemistry starts.
This is empirically verifiable.
Life requires 100% pure handedness L (left hand)-amino acids, D (right hand)-sugars. Prebiotic chemistry only makes 50/50 mixtures.
Without homochirality, proteins cannot form, fold, or function, and RNA cannot replicate.
Even one wrong-handed amino acid prevents proper 3D structure. Without folding, no protein can function — no catalysis, no replication, no metabolism. Life cannot begin.
“Homochirality remains an unsolved problem, and all RNA-based models depend on it.”
Gerald Joyce (Salk Institute), one of the world’s most respected RNA-world pioneers.
Put your hands together. They fit. It's illustrative of how the building blocks of life bind together: left-handed amino acids, right-handed sugars. Hands are superimposed two left or two right hands won't match, neither can amino acids and sugars. The problem is prebiotic chemistry only makes 50/50 mixtures. No experiment has ever produced biological homochirality naturally. There's no working naturalistic explanation for life to begin.
Scientific research and what it found
Unsubstantiated Objections
Stage 2:
Life requires real enzymes — and chemistry can’t produce them.
Highly specific proteins that catalyze every reaction are required for metabolism, replication, repair, and energy use. Unguided chemistry has never produced a functional enzyme.
With no evidence for simpler functional precursors, unguided chemistry cannot cross this gap.
Naturalism collapses before biology begins.
This is experimentally measured.
One enzyme is improbable. Hundreds are impossible.
Life begins only when replication, metabolism, and repair all function together.
Functional enzymes are astronomically rare
Real enzyme activity appears only once in ~10⁷⁷ sequences. This number comes from direct mutational and functional assays — not theory.
Natural selection cannot help. Selection requires replication. Replication requires enzymes.
“Homochirality remains an unsolved problem, and all RNA-based models depend on it.”
Gerald Joyce (Salk Institute), one of the world’s most respected RNA-world pioneers.
Functional proteins are not a matter of chance.
They are rare, fragile, information-rich systems that chemistry has never been shown to produce.
We’ve never seen enzymes come from molecules just bumping into each other. There is no gradual pathway, no selectable intermediate, and no empirical evidence for simpler enzyme systems. Without functional proteins, chemistry cannot become biology.
And chemistry cannot produce functional pr
Scientific research and what it found
Unsubstantiated Objections