"The spontaneous formation of RNA polymers on the early Earth is extremely unlikely."
John Sutherland, Cambridge University, leading OOL chemist
Life Crushes Naturalism
Homochirality
Functional Proteins
Protein Folding
Genetic Coding
Functiional RNA
Life cannot exist without 5 crucial stages of biochemistry, they are biochemical facts. All of them must work together in succession, yet it's empirically verified that none of the stages have even been successfully reproduced in isolation, let alone as a whole. Naturalism collapses before life begins.
If Stage 1 fails, all later stages are impossible. If Stage 2 fails, binding cannot occur. If Stage 3 fails, catalysis cannot occur. If Stage 4 fails, replication cannot occur. If Stage 5 fails, evolution cannot occur.
Below you'll find peer reviewed empirical scientific experiments that show at each stage - life decisively contradicts the naturalistic hypothesis. Unsubstantiated naturalistic objections will be addressed (is yours included?)
Life requires a single molecular handedness to function — but non-living chemistry never produces it.
With zero evidence for any natural pathway to biological homochirality, life cannot even begin its first step.
Naturalism collapses before chemistry starts.
This is empirically verifiable.
Stage 1: Homochirality
Naturalism collapses before chemistry starts.
See the science
Life requires a single molecular handedness to function — but non-living chemistry never produces it.
With zero evidence for any natural pathway to biological homochirality, life cannot even begin its first step.
Stage 2: Homochirality
Naturalism collapses before chemistry starts.
See the science
Why Homochirality is Fatal to Naturalism
“Homochirality remains an unsolved problem, and all RNA-based models depend on it.”
Gerald Joyce (Salk Institute), one of the world’s most respected RNA-world pioneers.
Life requires 100%
pure L-amino acids, D-sugars. No exceptions — every protein and RNA/DNA strand depends on it. Prebiotic chemistry never produces it.
Prebiotic chemistry
only makes 50/50 mixtures. No experiment has ever produced biological homochirality naturally
Mixed chirality
kills function instantly. No folding → no catalysis → no replication → no life.
The Science and what it found
Unsubstantiated Objections
Scientific research and what it found
Unsubstantiated Objections
Stage 2:
Life requires real enzymes — and chemistry can’t produce them.
Highly specific proteins that catalyze every reaction required for metabolism, replication, repair, and energy use. But random chemistry does not produce enzymes.
With no evidence for simpler functional precursors, unguided chemistry cannot cross this gap.
Naturalism collapses before biology begins.
This is experimentally measured.
Functional enzymes are astronomically rare
Real enzyme activity appears only once in ~10⁷⁷ sequences. This number comes from direct mutational and functional assays — not theory.
One enzyme is improbable. Hundreds are impossible.
Life begins only when replication, metabolism, and repair all function together.
Natural selection cannot help
Selection requires replication.
Replication requires enzymes.
“Homochirality remains an unsolved problem, and all RNA-based models depend on it.”
Gerald Joyce (Salk Institute), one of the world’s most respected RNA-world pioneers.
Put your hands together. They fit. It's illustrative of how the building blocks of life bind together: left-handed amino acids, right-handed sugars. Hands are superimposed two left or two right hands won't match, neither can amino acids and sugars. The problem is prebiotic chemistry only makes 50/50 mixtures. No experiment has ever produced biological homochirality naturally. There's no working naturalistic explanation for life to begin.
Scientific research and what it found
Life requires 100%
Pure L-amino acids, D-sugars. No exceptions — every protein and RNA/DNA strand depends on it.
Prebiotic chemistry
only makes 50/50 mixtures. No experiment has ever produced biological homochirality naturally.
Mixed chirality
50/50 mixtures kill function instantly. No folding → no catalysis → no replication → no life.
Why Homochirality is Fatal to Naturalism